Notes on “Monacan Millennium”, by Jeffrey Hantman (published by University of Virginia Press).
Chapter III: The Archaeology of Ancestral Monacan Society (pg. 77 – 107)
- Ancestral Monacan Society “became a recognizably distinct ‘tribal group’ or ‘ chiefdom’ at the beginning of the second millennium A.D.” (pg. 77)
- Monacan Society formed a more settled, agricultural society around 1000 A.D., but stems from a vast collection of smaller groups that existed for roughly twelve thousand years prior
- John Smith 1612 map makes distinction between Monacan and Mannahoac people
- John Smith 1612 map also marked several Monacan settlements, including Monasukapanough, the settlement closest to Charlottesville
- Between 1000 and 1700 A.D., Monacan villages “were located typically on permanent rivers” such as the Rivanna (pg. 86)
Chapter V: The Myth of Monacan Disappearance (pg. 129 – 156)
- It’s estimated that Monasukapanough was last inhabited around the mid-17th century (pg. 132 – 133)
- Charlottesville founded in 1762 (https://www.charlottesville.gov/694/About-Charlottesville)